In JMIR research protocols ; h5-index 26.0
BACKGROUND : Health care can broadly be divided into two domains: clinical health services and complex health services, i.e., non-clinical health services such as health policy and health regulation. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming both these areas. Currently, humans are leaders, managers, and decision makers in complex health services. However, with the rise of AI, the time has come to ask whether humans will continue to have meaningful decision-making roles in this domain. Further, rationality has long dominated this space. What role will intuition play?
OBJECTIVE : The objective is to establish a protocol of protocols to be used in the proposed research, which aims to explore whether humans will continue in meaningful decision-making roles in complex health services in an AI-driven future.
METHODS : This paper describes a set of protocols for the proposed research, which is designed as a four-step project across two phases. This paper describes the protocols for each step: (i) The protocol for a scoping review to identify and map human attributes that influence decision-making in complex health services.The research question focuses on the attributes that influence human decision-making in this context as reported in the literature. (ii) The protocol for a scoping review to identify and map AI attributes that influence decision-making in complex health services. The research question focuses on attributes that influence AI decision-making in this context as reported in the literature . (iii) The protocol for a comparative analysis: A narrative comparison, followed by a mathematical comparison, of the two sets of attributes - human and AI. This analysis will investigate whether humans have one or more unique attributes that could influence decision-making for the better. (iv) The protocol for the simulation of a non-clinical environment in health regulation and policy into which virtual human and AI decision-makers (agents) are introduced. The virtual human and AI will be based on the human and AI attributes identified in the scoping reviews. The simulation will explore, observe and document how humans interact with AI, and whether humans are likely to compete, cooperate, or converge with AI.
RESULTS : The results will be presented in tabular form, visually intuitive formats, and - in the case of the simulation - multimedia formats as well.
CONCLUSIONS : This paper provides a roadmap for the proposed research. It also provides an example of a protocol of protocols for methods used in complex health research. While there are established guidelines for a priori protocols for scoping reviews, there is a paucity of guidance on establishing a protocol of protocols. This paper takes the first step towards building a scaffolding for future guidelines in this regard.
Doreswamy Nandini, Horstmanshof Louise
2022-Nov-30
